Bibliography: C. Patterson Giersch

Asian Borderlands

The Transformation of Qing China's Yunnan Frontier

Yunnan was not always China: indeed not so long ago large parts of Yunnan were only nominally part of the empire. To make Yunnan, outside the main Han cities, a Chinese province required significant effort. Here Giersch's study on Yunnan's hinterland makes an interesting if academic read.